CIVILENGINEER.RC

1. Residential Buildings:  These buildings include one or two private dwellings, apartment houses (flats), hotels, dormitories etc.  2. Educational Buildings:  These buildings include any building used for school, college or day care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation. 3. Institutional Buildings:  These buildings include any building or part which is used for medical treatment etc. Such as Hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, sanatoria, jails, prisons, mental hospitals etc. 4. Assembly Buildings:  These buildings may include any building or part of a building where a group of people gathers for recreation, amusement, social, religious or such types of purposes such as theaters, assembly halls, exhibition halls, restaurants, museum, club rooms, auditoria etc. 5. Business Buildings:  These shall include any building or part of a building which is used for business transactions, keeping records of accounts, town halls, city halls, court houses etc.  6. M

Concrete cracks are repaired using different techniques and methods, such as epoxy injection depending on how wide, long and/or deep the crack is. Most of the concrete cracks are related to shrinkage, heat, wrong joint placements, over stress and loading conditions and movements caused by external factors. Some of these repairs are completed by using epoxy injections applied directly to the crack. The procedure is different and varies depending on the crack location and whether the concrete cracks are horizontal or vertical. Crack Repair Tips  During the process, you might notice some issues that will need your attention to complete a neat concrete injection repair process. These are some of the most common issues:  1- Start with a low-pressure injection setting and increase the pressure as needed. 2- Larger cracks require more epoxy injection pressure. 3- When filling wide cracks, wait some time, not a lot, ensuring epoxy is filling the concrete crack.  4- Remove the top seal using a

Basic difference between plinth beam and tie beam is that tie beam can be at any level but plinth beam is at plinth level. What is Plinth Beam?  Plinth beam in a frame structure is meant to join all the columns thereby reducing the effective length and thus reducing the slenderness of the columns. What is Tie Beam?  Tie beam in structural engineering is like a primary beam which connects two columns at any height above the floor level. Tie beams are mainly provided in roof truss and at plinth level. These beams do not convey any floor loads and only act as length breaker for columns where the floor height is unusually high.

Working on one of the largest design-build projects in CA, BKF provided civil engineering and surveying services for the replacement of the Gerald Desmond Bridge, associated highway and ramp network, and an integrated Class 1 bikeway in the Port of Long Beach. The design will improve traffic flow by adding additional lanes and improve vessel passage and safety under the bridge by increasing vertical clearance. The roadway work included: ~ Reconstruction of existing horseshoe interchange ramp connectors and existing connectors to State Route 710, and two existing ramp connections to Pico Avenue  ~ New design meets modern structural and seismic standards  ~ Improved safety and reduced traffic hazards